ANTIFUNGAL AND HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF NEW SERIES OF NAPHTHOQUINONES DERIVATIVES
Abstracts
Naphthoquinones (NPQs) are compounds, which have diverse pharmacological properties including antiviral, antiinflammatory, antipyretic and anticancer activity. In this study, the antifungal and hemolytic activities of new series of NPQs derivatives were studied in vitro. The antifungal activity of these compounds was determined using the poisoned food technique against five filamentous fungi and hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (RBCs) by measuring the hemoglobin releasing. Compound 1a inhibit the mycelial growth of the all molds. This results is high than the structural analogue, lawsone. The compounds 1b and 1a were the less toxic against the RBCs. The di-ketone function in the position 2 and 4 of NPQs, amine group and electronegativity of substituants in the position C-2 and C-3 are necessary for the activity of NPQs. This suggests the involvement of the redox cycle in the center of theirs mechanism action. No correlation between the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity was possible.
Keywords :Biological activity, lawsone, naphthoquinone, synthesis, toxicology.
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REGENERATION FROM MATURE SCUTELLUM EXPLANTS OF RICE VARIETY IR64 (Oryza sativa L.) THROUGH DIRECT AND INDIRECT ORGANOGENESIS
Abstracts
An efficient protocol was developed for direct and indirect regeneration from mature scutellum explants of rice (Oryza sativa) variety IR64. Mature dehulled surface sterilized seeds were placed on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium for germination. Scutellum was excised from aseptically grown, five days old seedlings for callus induction. Scutellum explants formed high quality yellow calli. The callus induction percentage ranged from 60-98%. The highest frequency of callus induction was observed in MS basal medium containing 3.0 mg L-1 2, 4-D. In the presence of BAP, the mean percentage of regeneration ranged from 17.5 to 67.5% with mean shootlet of 10 per callus. Both the frequencies of green shoots and the number of shoots formed per callus were high in the presence of 2.5 mg L-1 BAP. In direct regeneration, MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 TDZ proved to be highly beneficial for germination of seeds and development of multiple shoots (57.2 shoots). Thick, white and fibrous roots were produced in MS medium containing 0.75 mg L-1 NAA. Shoots derived from direct regeneration produced greater number of roots (18.7) and longer roots (11.7 cm). The in vitro regenerants grew well and did not show any detectable variation in morphology and growth characteristics. Plants regenerated in vitro were successfully established in soil. Scutellum explants from mature seeds of IR64 could be used for molecular breeding.
Keywords : IR64, Indirect regeneration, direct regeneration, Scutellum, Thidiazuron.
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BEHAVIOR OF SEVERAL DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS (DBPs) AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ALONG THE TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF DRINKING WATER IN CÓRDOBA (SPAIN)
Abstracts
Evolution of 46 disinfection by-products (DBPs) and organic compounds have been monitored in the Treatment and Distribution System of drinking water of Córdoba (Spain). All the compounds investigated were included into five categories: aldehydes and ketones, trihalomethanes, halonitromethanes, halo-acetonitriles and haloacetic acids. In this way, only the half were detected in our study. Aldehydes-ketones and haloacetic acids were found in raw water not being then DBPs strictly, while THM, halonitro-methanes and haloacetonitriles appeared during treatment. Finally, all the DBPs detected showed much lower levels than those of the international standard consulted, that implying a very safety to consumer.
Keywords :Chlorination; chloramination; disinfection by-products; trihalomethanes; halonitromethanes; haloacetonitriles; drinking water.
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